Version: v0 (pre-release)
This lesson adds 17 new words. You visit the local market — stalls of colorful clothing, metal tools, and more. You learn to compare items and talk about types of things. An Anki deck is available for this lesson.
Sentences
tapila means “color.” You arrive at the market and are struck by how colorful everything is.
paliki means “white.” The first color you notice — a white cloth on a stall.
tunoka means “clothing” or “covering.” With the -o ending, tunoko = to cover or to dress.
pisati means “red.” You notice a red garment next to the white one.
sipu means “or.” A conjunction like sulu (and) — it connects two options: tunoka paliki sipu tunoka pisati = white clothing or red clothing. The vendor asks which one you want.
kalosa means “material” or “substance.” You feel the white fabric — kalosa kantu tunoka paliki = the material of the white clothing. Good quality.
pukemi means “strong” or “durable.” The material holds up well — it will last.
tumili means “weak” or “flimsy.” The opposite of pukemi (strong). The red garment does not feel as sturdy.
tonsu means “about” or “regarding.” A preposition — tonsu kalosa = about the material. You ask the vendor to tell you more.
totu means “more.” Combined with tonsu (regarding), you can now compare things: tonsu X, Y no totu pukemi = compared to X, Y is stronger. The reference comes first with tonsu, then the comparison with totu + modifier.
temuka means “metal.” You look past the clothing stalls and spot metal tools and objects. With the -i ending, temuki = metallic.
timeka means “kind” or “type.” To say “kind of X,” use tonsu (regarding): timeka tonsu tenopa = kind of tool, timeka tonsu pesa = kind of food. The market has a wide variety.
tukami means “blue.” A blue drink catches your eye at another stall.
palusi means “yellow.” Yellow food catches your attention — maybe fruit or grain.
niketu means “only.” Like sulotu (also), it is flexible — it can go before a verb (niketu kanto = only have) or before other words to narrow their scope (sa kanto niketu nalaku tolesa = I have only ten money). You check your funds — just enough for one garment.
nosu means “eight.” The numbers continue: nesu (6), nimu (7), nosu (8). Notice timeka tonsu pesa = kinds of food — reinforcing the “kind regarding X” pattern.
nutu means “nine.” You decide on a garment and pay — nutu tolesa tepalu tunoka = nine money in exchange for clothing.
Summary
You visit the market, admire the colors and materials, compare items, and buy clothing. Along the way you learn to describe what things look like, talk about types of things, and make comparisons.
Words introduced
| # | Luma | Stem | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tapila | tapil | color |
| 2 | paliki | palik | white |
| 3 | tunoka | tunok | clothing, covering |
| 4 | pisati | pisat | red |
| 5 | sipu | sip | or (conjunction) |
| 6 | kalosa | kalos | material, substance |
| 7 | pukemi | pukem | strong, durable |
| 8 | tumili | tumil | weak, flimsy |
| 9 | tonsu | tons | about, regarding (preposition) |
| 10 | totu | tot | more (quantifier / comparison marker) |
| 11 | temuka | temuk | metal |
| 12 | timeka | timek | kind, type |
| 13 | tukami | tukam | blue |
| 14 | palusi | palus | yellow |
| 15 | niketu | niket | only (preverb / modifier) |
| 16 | nosu | nos | eight (quantifier) |
| 17 | nutu | nut | nine (quantifier) |
Compounds introduced
With the stems learned so far, you can now form these compounds:
| Luma | Meaning | Pattern |
|---|---|---|
| temuka-palusa | gold | METAL-YELLOW |
| temuka-palika | silver | METAL-WHITE |
Remember: compound parts always use the -a ending, and the head comes first.
Concepts introduced
- Four colors: paliki (white), pisati (red), tukami (blue), palusi (yellow)
- Materials: kalosa (material/substance), temuka (metal)
- Opposite pairs: pukemi / tumili (strong/weak)
- “Or”: sipu between options — ila paliki sipu ila pisati = white thing or red thing
- “Only”: niketu — flexible like sulotu: preverb (niketu kanto = only have) or before any target (niketu nilu = only two)
- “About/regarding”: tonsu — tonsu kalosa = about the material
- “Kind of X”: timeka tonsu X — timeka tonsu pesa = kind of food, timeka tonsu tunoka = kind of clothing
- Comparison: tonsu + reference, then totu + modifier — tonsu tunoka pisati, tunoka paliki no totu pukemi = compared to red clothing, white clothing is stronger
- Superlative uses tonsu mola (compared to all) — available once mol (ALL) is learned in a later lesson
- Numbers continue: nosu (8), nutu (9)
Dialog
This dialog uses only words from this lesson and the previous ones. Try listening to the whole conversation first, then go through the individual lines.
panpa! uta musu piko ila? meki! sa panpo mapu tapila mansu lita. sa kanto tunoka paliki sulu tunoka pisati. tunoka pisati no anli! kalosa kantu pa no pukemi? tonsu tunoka paliki, tunoka pisati no totu pukemi. sa sulotu musu panpo tunoka tukami. sa niketu kanto nepu tunoka tukami. sa musu kanto tunoka pisati. nosu tolesa? nutu tolesa. sa mino nutu tolesa. kasota!Remix
These sentences use only words from this lesson and the previous ones in new combinations. No new vocabulary.
Review
To review this lesson, download the Anki deck. It includes all the vocabulary, sentences, dialog, and remix sentences from this lesson with audio.