Version: v0.2.3

This lesson adds 17 new words. You wake early, explore the town, and watch daily life unfold by the river. An Anki deck is available for this lesson.

Sentences

pomula no santu nipesi.

santu means “very” or “intensely.” A degree modifier — it goes before its target: santu nipesi = very cold, santu popi = very big. You already know lumu (slightly); santu is the opposite end of the scale. The night in the hotel was cold!

pomula no konupi.

konupi means “black.” The night is black and cold. You wait for morning.

siluka toso.

siluka means “light” or “brightness.” Morning comes — light arrives. With the -i ending, siluki = bright: maseta no siluki = the day is bright.

sa nesilu seso kamenlu ketuma.

nesilu means “now.” A preverb — it goes before the verb: nesilu seso = now go. Use it for emphasis when the timing matters. The traveler heads outside to explore.

sa siko nimeka.

nimeka means “river.” You spot a river running through the town.

nimeka seso lasipi.

lasipi means “fast” or “quick.” A modifier after the verb: seso lasipi = moves quickly. The river is fast this morning.

sa seso tokapu pisoma lumi lamopu nimeka.

tokapu means “using” or “with (an instrument).” A preposition — tokapu pisoma lumi = using a small path. You follow a little path that runs along the river. With the -a ending, tokapa = a tool or instrument.

sa seso muneki.

muneki means “slow” or “slowly.” The opposite of lasipi (fast). You take your time, walking slowly through the town.

konanu puna supelo pontu linpa.

supelo means “to work.” You see people heading to their jobs. With the -a ending, supela = work, a job.

ketuma no menipu nimeka.

menipu means “above.” A preposition — menipu nimeka = above the river. With the -i ending, menipi works as an adverb after a verb: seso menipi = move upward.

nimeka seso tupamu ketuma.

tupamu means “below” or “under.” The opposite of menipu (above). Here the river flows below the building. Like menipu, it also has a -i form: tupami = downward.

pa no tonila kipu pusaka.

tonila means “part” or “portion.” Using the familiar possession pattern: tonila kipu pusaka = a part of the city. You are exploring one section of a larger place.

konanu puna kapitu supelo.

kapitu means “already.” An aspect preverb — it marks that an action is complete or in progress earlier than expected: kapitu supelo = already working. Even though it is early morning, people are already at work.

sa lepasu latu munlo.

lepasu means “also” or “too.” It works as a preverb before the verb: lepasu latu munlo = also want to eat. It can also modify a whole sentence: lepasu sa seso = also, I go. You have been walking — now you also want to eat.

mapu tana taselo pontu pusaka.

taselo means “to happen” or “to occur.” An intransitive verb — things happen, events occur. The city is alive with activity.

nentu puna supelo linusu nimeka.

nentu means “six.” The numbers continue: notu (4), nulu (5), nentu (6). Same pattern — a quantifier before its target noun.

sa siko ninlu ketuma pontu pusaka.

ninlu means “seven.” The morning walk reveals a growing town — seven buildings and counting.


Summary

You wake in the hotel, step outside into the morning light, and explore the town. A river runs through it, people are already at work, and daily life unfolds around you.

Words introduced

#LumaStemMeaning
1santusantvery, intensely (degree modifier)
2konupikonupblack
3silukasiluklight, brightness
4nesilunesilnow (preverb)
5nimekanimekriver
6lasipilasipfast, quick
7tokaputokapusing, with (instrument preposition)
8munekimunekslow
9supelosupelto work
10menipumenipabove (preposition)
11tupamutupambelow, under (preposition)
12tonilatonilpart, portion
13kapitukapitalready (aspect preverb)
14lepasulepasalso, too (preverb / sentence modifier)
15taselotaselto happen, to occur
16nentunentsix (quantifier)
17ninluninlseven (quantifier)

Compounds introduced

With the stems learned so far, you can now form these compounds:

LumaMeaningPattern
ketuma-supelaoffice, workplaceBUILDING-WORK

Remember: compound parts always use the -a ending, and the head comes first.

Concepts introduced

  • Degree modifier: santu (very) before its target, the opposite of lumu (slightly)
  • Opposite pairs: lasipi / muneki (fast/slow), menipu / tupamu (above/below)
  • New preverbs: nesilu (now), kapitu (already), lepasu (also)
  • Preverb stacking: preverbs stack before the verb in order: tense → aspect → modal → negation → verb. Example: sa kapitu supelo = I already work, sa lepasu latu munlo = I also want to eat
  • lepasu is flexible: preverb (sa lepasu seso = I also go) or sentence modifier (lepasu sa seso = also, I go)
  • Preposition tokapu (using) marks instruments: tokapu tana = using a thing
  • Spatial pair: menipu (above) and tupamu (below) — both also have -i adverb forms (menipi = upward, tupami = downward)
  • Numbers continue: nentu (6), ninlu (7)

Dialog

This dialog uses only words from this lesson and the previous ones. Try listening to the whole conversation first, then go through the individual lines.

sika! pusaka no santu moni. sika! musa no puna-tosa? tenpi. sa toso petu ponta minsi. sa supelo linusu nimeka. nimeka seso lasipi! tenpi! nimeka no lasipi, minsu konanu sa nusitu seso muneki. sa lepasu latu siko pusaka. seso muneki! mapu tana taselo pontu pusaka. menala! seso moni!

Remix

These sentences use only words from this lesson and the previous ones in new combinations. No new vocabulary.

pusaka no santu popi.
sa nesilu siko siluka.
konanu puna supelo lasipi.
nimeka seso muneki tupamu ketuma.
milu tana taselo pontu pusaka?
sa kapitu munlo. sa lepasu somuko.
nentu ketuma no menipu nimeka.
sa tokapo mapu tana pontu supela lamopu maseta.
tonila kipu pusaka no popi.
ninlu puna nesilu seso sutu supela.

Review

To review this lesson, download the Anki deck. It includes all the vocabulary, sentences, dialog, and remix sentences from this lesson with audio.