Version: v0 (pre-release)

This lesson adds 17 new words. You wake early, explore the town, and watch daily life unfold by the river. An Anki deck is available for this lesson.

Sentences

supoma no nunku tasiki.

nunku means “very” or “intensely.” A degree modifier — it goes before its target: nunku tasiki = very cold, nunku popi = very big. You already know lumu (slightly); nunku is the opposite end of the scale. The night in the hotel was cold!

supoma no sunopi.

sunopi means “dark.” The night is dark and cold. You wait for morning.

katipa nilamo.

katipa means “light” or “brightness.” Morning comes — light arrives. With the -i ending, katipi = bright: monpa no katipi = the day is bright.

sa tekilu laso timasu konka.

tekilu means “now.” A preverb — it goes before the verb: tekilu laso = now go. Use it for emphasis when the timing matters. The traveler heads outside to explore.

sa panpo sonula.

sonula means “river.” You spot a river running through the town.

sonula laso sitopi.

sitopi means “fast” or “quick.” A modifier after the verb: laso sitopi = moves quickly. The river is fast this morning.

sa laso tenopu kanopa lumi soluku sonula.

tenopu means “using” or “with (an instrument).” A preposition — tenopu kanopa lumi = using a small path. You follow a little path that runs along the river. With the -a ending, tenopa = a tool or instrument.

sa laso nulomi.

nulomi means “slow” or “slowly.” The opposite of sitopi (fast). You take your time, walking slowly through the town.

tanku oma sumapo mansu lita.

sumapo means “to work.” You see people heading to their jobs. With the -a ending, sumapa = work, a job.

konka no sotilu sonula.

sotilu means “above.” A preposition — sotilu sonula = above the river. With the -i ending, sotili works as an adverb after a verb: laso sotili = move upward.

sonula laso ponumu konka.

ponumu means “below” or “under.” The opposite of sotilu (above). Here the river flows below the building. Like sotilu, it also has a -i form: ponumi = downward.

pa no ninpa kantu tunima.

ninpa means “part” or “portion.” Using the familiar possession pattern: ninpa kantu tunima = a part of the city. You are exploring one section of a larger place.

tanku oma tikonu sumapo.

tikonu means “already.” An aspect preverb — it marks that an action is complete or in progress earlier than expected: tikonu sumapo = already working. Even though it is early morning, people are already at work.

sa sulotu musu peso.

sulotu means “also” or “too.” It works as a preverb before the verb: sulotu musu peso = also want to eat. It can also modify a whole sentence: sulotu sa laso = also, I go. You have been walking — now you also want to eat.

mapu ila topimo mansu tunima.

topimo means “to happen” or “to occur.” An intransitive verb — things happen, events occur. The city is alive with activity.

nesu oma sumapo nakimu sonula.

nesu means “six.” The numbers continue: nulu (4), nanu (5), nesu (6). Same pattern — a quantifier before its target noun.

sa panpo nimu konka mansu tunima.

nimu means “seven.” The morning walk reveals a growing town — seven buildings and counting.


Summary

You wake in the hotel, step outside into the morning light, and explore the town. A river runs through it, people are already at work, and daily life unfolds around you.

Words introduced

#LumaStemMeaning
1nunkununkvery, intensely (degree modifier)
2sunopisunopdark
3katipakatiplight, brightness
4tekilutekilnow (preverb)
5sonulasonulriver
6sitopisitopfast, quick
7tenoputenopusing, with (instrument preposition)
8nulominulomslow
9sumaposumapto work
10sotilusotilabove (preposition)
11ponumuponumbelow, under (preposition)
12ninpaninppart, portion
13tikonutikonalready (aspect preverb)
14sulotusulotalso, too (preverb / sentence modifier)
15topimotopimto happen, to occur
16nesunessix (quantifier)
17nimunimseven (quantifier)

Compounds introduced

With the stems learned so far, you can now form these compounds:

LumaMeaningPattern
konka-sumapaoffice, workplaceBUILDING-WORK

Remember: compound parts always use the -a ending, and the head comes first.

Concepts introduced

  • Degree modifier: nunku (very) before its target, the opposite of lumu (slightly)
  • Opposite pairs: sunopi / katipi (dark/bright), sitopi / nulomi (fast/slow), sotilu / ponumu (above/below)
  • New preverbs: tekilu (now), tikonu (already), sulotu (also)
  • Preverb stacking: preverbs stack before the verb in order: tense → aspect → modal → negation → verb. Example: sa tikonu sumapo = I already work, sa sulotu musu peso = I also want to eat
  • sulotu is flexible: preverb (sa sulotu laso = I also go) or sentence modifier (sulotu sa laso = also, I go)
  • Preposition tenopu (using) marks instruments: tenopu ila = using a thing
  • Spatial pair: sotilu (above) and ponumu (below) — both also have -i adverb forms (sotili = upward, ponumi = downward)
  • Numbers continue: nesu (6), nimu (7)

Dialog

This dialog uses only words from this lesson and the previous ones. Try listening to the whole conversation first, then go through the individual lines.

panpa! tunima no nunku anli. panpa! uta no oma-nilama? meki. sa nilamo tuntu mansa loni. sa sumapo nakimu sonula. sonula laso sitopi! meki! sonula no sitopi, lonu tanku sa tupaku laso nulomi. sa sulotu musu panpo tunima. laso nulomi! mapu ila topimo mansu tunima. kasota! laso anli!

Remix

These sentences use only words from this lesson and the previous ones in new combinations. No new vocabulary.

tunima no nunku popi.
sa tekilu panpo katipa.
tanku oma sumapo sitopi.
sonula laso nulomi ponumu konka.
kamu ila topimo mansu tunima?
sa tikonu peso. sa sulotu tisalo.
nesu konka no sotilu sonula.
sa tenopo mapu ila mansu sumapa soluku monpa.
ninpa kantu tunima no popi.
nimu oma tekilu laso tupu sumapa.

Review

To review this lesson, download the Anki deck. It includes all the vocabulary, sentences, dialog, and remix sentences from this lesson with audio.