Version: v0 (pre-release)
This lesson adds 17 new words. You wake early, explore the town, and watch daily life unfold by the river. An Anki deck is available for this lesson.
Sentences
nunku means “very” or “intensely.” A degree modifier — it goes before its target: nunku tasiki = very cold, nunku popi = very big. You already know lumu (slightly); nunku is the opposite end of the scale. The night in the hotel was cold!
sunopi means “dark.” The night is dark and cold. You wait for morning.
katipa means “light” or “brightness.” Morning comes — light arrives. With the -i ending, katipi = bright: monpa no katipi = the day is bright.
tekilu means “now.” A preverb — it goes before the verb: tekilu laso = now go. Use it for emphasis when the timing matters. The traveler heads outside to explore.
sonula means “river.” You spot a river running through the town.
sitopi means “fast” or “quick.” A modifier after the verb: laso sitopi = moves quickly. The river is fast this morning.
tenopu means “using” or “with (an instrument).” A preposition — tenopu kanopa lumi = using a small path. You follow a little path that runs along the river. With the -a ending, tenopa = a tool or instrument.
nulomi means “slow” or “slowly.” The opposite of sitopi (fast). You take your time, walking slowly through the town.
sumapo means “to work.” You see people heading to their jobs. With the -a ending, sumapa = work, a job.
sotilu means “above.” A preposition — sotilu sonula = above the river. With the -i ending, sotili works as an adverb after a verb: laso sotili = move upward.
ponumu means “below” or “under.” The opposite of sotilu (above). Here the river flows below the building. Like sotilu, it also has a -i form: ponumi = downward.
ninpa means “part” or “portion.” Using the familiar possession pattern: ninpa kantu tunima = a part of the city. You are exploring one section of a larger place.
tikonu means “already.” An aspect preverb — it marks that an action is complete or in progress earlier than expected: tikonu sumapo = already working. Even though it is early morning, people are already at work.
sulotu means “also” or “too.” It works as a preverb before the verb: sulotu musu peso = also want to eat. It can also modify a whole sentence: sulotu sa laso = also, I go. You have been walking — now you also want to eat.
topimo means “to happen” or “to occur.” An intransitive verb — things happen, events occur. The city is alive with activity.
nesu means “six.” The numbers continue: nulu (4), nanu (5), nesu (6). Same pattern — a quantifier before its target noun.
nimu means “seven.” The morning walk reveals a growing town — seven buildings and counting.
Summary
You wake in the hotel, step outside into the morning light, and explore the town. A river runs through it, people are already at work, and daily life unfolds around you.
Words introduced
| # | Luma | Stem | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | nunku | nunk | very, intensely (degree modifier) |
| 2 | sunopi | sunop | dark |
| 3 | katipa | katip | light, brightness |
| 4 | tekilu | tekil | now (preverb) |
| 5 | sonula | sonul | river |
| 6 | sitopi | sitop | fast, quick |
| 7 | tenopu | tenop | using, with (instrument preposition) |
| 8 | nulomi | nulom | slow |
| 9 | sumapo | sumap | to work |
| 10 | sotilu | sotil | above (preposition) |
| 11 | ponumu | ponum | below, under (preposition) |
| 12 | ninpa | ninp | part, portion |
| 13 | tikonu | tikon | already (aspect preverb) |
| 14 | sulotu | sulot | also, too (preverb / sentence modifier) |
| 15 | topimo | topim | to happen, to occur |
| 16 | nesu | nes | six (quantifier) |
| 17 | nimu | nim | seven (quantifier) |
Compounds introduced
With the stems learned so far, you can now form these compounds:
| Luma | Meaning | Pattern |
|---|---|---|
| konka-sumapa | office, workplace | BUILDING-WORK |
Remember: compound parts always use the -a ending, and the head comes first.
Concepts introduced
- Degree modifier: nunku (very) before its target, the opposite of lumu (slightly)
- Opposite pairs: sunopi / katipi (dark/bright), sitopi / nulomi (fast/slow), sotilu / ponumu (above/below)
- New preverbs: tekilu (now), tikonu (already), sulotu (also)
- Preverb stacking: preverbs stack before the verb in order: tense → aspect → modal → negation → verb. Example: sa tikonu sumapo = I already work, sa sulotu musu peso = I also want to eat
- sulotu is flexible: preverb (sa sulotu laso = I also go) or sentence modifier (sulotu sa laso = also, I go)
- Preposition tenopu (using) marks instruments: tenopu ila = using a thing
- Spatial pair: sotilu (above) and ponumu (below) — both also have -i adverb forms (sotili = upward, ponumi = downward)
- Numbers continue: nesu (6), nimu (7)
Dialog
This dialog uses only words from this lesson and the previous ones. Try listening to the whole conversation first, then go through the individual lines.
panpa! tunima no nunku anli. panpa! uta no oma-nilama? meki. sa nilamo tuntu mansa loni. sa sumapo nakimu sonula. sonula laso sitopi! meki! sonula no sitopi, lonu tanku sa tupaku laso nulomi. sa sulotu musu panpo tunima. laso nulomi! mapu ila topimo mansu tunima. kasota! laso anli!Remix
These sentences use only words from this lesson and the previous ones in new combinations. No new vocabulary.
Review
To review this lesson, download the Anki deck. It includes all the vocabulary, sentences, dialog, and remix sentences from this lesson with audio.